The Wild Felid Monitor The Newsletter of the Wild Felid Research and Management Association Summer 2016, Volume 9, Issue 2
Plight of Mexican Jaguars Reports from Wild Felid Research Grants and Legacy Scholarships Candidates for the 2016 WFA Election—and more WFA website: www.wildfelid.org
Notes from the Field Strategies for human-jaguar conflict resolution in agricultural areas of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia Diego A. Zárrate-Charry
[email protected], I. G. Ochoa, J. S. Jiménez-Alvarado, A. Massey, M. Calderon, Á. P. HurtadoMoreno, J. Prieto, I. Aconcha-Abril, I. M. Vela-Vargas, and J. F. González-Maya
T
he Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) is a high-elevation vores and communities. The development of this project is a result of (5,757 masl) massif in the Caribbean Region Colombia (CRC), efforts by local, national and international institutions with the close in the Northern tip of the country. Completely isolated from the participation of local coffee production communities. Andes range, the massif encompasses the entire climate spectrum of The process to accomplish our goals is divided into four objecthe country and all the altitudinal and ecological zones of the Neo- tives: 1) identifying habitat and conflict priority areas, 2) charactertropical region (Zárrate-Charry et al. 2013), which together with its izing production units within priority areas and identify management geographical position, make it unique in terms of biodiversity, with schemes for conflict reduction, 3) assessing economic feasibility of high levels of endemicity and unique ecosystems. This diverse and management schemes for conflict reduction, taking into account complex geomorphology has delayed colonization and agricultural the perception of farmers to participate in potential management development for several years, making the area one of the last remain- schemes and, 4) implementation of a monitoring protocol for the ing large forests of the CRC (González-Maya et al. 2013; Le Saout selected scheme to reduce conflict and its application. et al. 2013). We have identified jaguar suitable habitat and poential for huIn the last five decades agricultural development in the CRC man-jaguar conflict, using available ecological information gathered has been dominated by the expansion of cattle ranching, banana and in the last 10 years (i.e., camera traps, transect, historic reports and industrial palm oil interviews). We used plantations (Pérez V different approaches, & Meisel Roca 2006; including ecological Castiblanco et al. niche modeling, iden2013). These developtification of suitable ments have affected habitat patches within natural land-covers, the distribution model, and only less than and definition of con30% of the natural nectivity networks cover remains un(graph and circuit thetransformed (Benítez ory). Gutiérrez 2010). In With the resultthe northern CRC, ing map, we designed SNSM has the larga survey to validate priest untransformed ority habitat patches protected forest, and with conflict, and to it likely still holds assess socioeconomic significant carnivore and environmental populations. Howevcharacteristics of the er, in the last 10 years agricultural producnatural forest covertion units. In addition age has decreased, Deforestation in the Municipio de Ciénaga, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. to the field survey, we mainly associated carried out workshops with the social and economic dynamics of the region (Etter et al. where we presented management options to decrease wild felid2006; Benítez Gutiérrez 2010). Economic development and expan- human conflicts and recorded farmer’s perceptions and willingness sion of agricultural activities have increased hunting of the jaguar´s to participate in conflict-resolution schemes. The information from prey-base, and promoted reduction of suitable patches of forest (Fig- these workshops and field surveys will be used for recommending ure 1). As a consequence, reports of jaguar predation on cattle and the best potential schemes based on farmer interest and the realities domestic animals are increasing, with retaliation hunting of jaguars of the area. operating under secrecy (Castaño-uribe et al. 2013; Gonzalez-Maya Our next steps are to 1) analyze the survey information to assess et al. 2013), given that jaguar hunting is illegal. the feasibility of conflict-resolution schemes, taking into account the Our project seeks to design socioeconomic landscape manage- farmers’ attitude towards jaguars and their willingness to participate, ment strategies that can be applied in different agricultural produc- 2) develop a protocol for a set of pilot farms where a conflict-resotion units, giving priority to those that have potential as habitat for lution scheme will be implemented, and 3) develop a monitoring jaguars (e.g., shade coffee, cacao, silvo-pastoral systems). We are cur- scheme, We will be focusing on shade-grown coffee farms in the rently evaluating schemes to be applied to farms favoring protection Magdalena department, but will create protocols that can also be apof jaguar and prey habitat, thereby reducing conflict between carni- plied in the rest of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
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