Symplocos pachycarpa (Symplocaceae), a new species from southern Mexico

Symplocos pachycarpa (Symplocaceae), a new species from southern Mexico LAWRENCE M. KELLY AND FRANK ALMEDA

Kelly, L.M. (The New York Botanical Garden, 200th Street & Kazimiroff Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 10458-5126, U.S.A.; e-mail: [email protected]) & E Almeda (Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, 875 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, U.S.A.; e-mail: [email protected]). Symplocos pachycarpa (Symplocaceae), a new species from southern Mexico. Brittonia 58: 318-32l. 2006.--Symploeos paehyearpa is described as new, and an illustration is provided. This species grows in cloud forests and oak-pine forests of Oaxaca and Guerrero, Mexico, and is most similar to S. citrea. A key is provided to distinguish S. pachycarpa from related Mexican species. Key words: Guerrero, Mexico, Oaxaca, Symplocaceae, Symplocos.

Symplocos Jacquin consists of 250-300 species that are predominantly distributed in high-elevation tropical regions of Central and South America, southern and eastern Asia, Australia, and the East Indies (Brand, 1901; Nooteboom, 1975; Sthhl, 1995). O f the 16 species described from Mexico, nine are endemic to the country and seven are shared between southern Mexico and Central America (Brand, 1901; unpubl, data). During the course of compiling a revision of Mexican and Central American species of Symplocos, the following new species was discovered from southern Mexico.

Symplocos

pachycarpa, L. Kelly & Almeda, sp. nov. TYPE: Mexico. Oaxaca. Dist. Miahuatl~in, 11 km SW of San Jer6nimo Coatlfin, toward San Gabriel Mixtepec, 1982 m, N 16012.492 ' , W 96054.000 ', 13 Jan 2003 (fr), Kelly et al. 1309 (HOLOTYPE: NY; ISOTYPES: C A S , F, GH, MEXU). (Fig. 1)

Arbor 7 - 2 0 m a l t a , ramis junioribus ferrugineis tomentosis vel sericeis. Laminae foliorum 8-12 cm longae, 2.7-3.5(-3.8) cm latae, subcoriaceae, anguste ellipticae vel ellipticae vel oblanceolatae, ad marginem integrae, ad b a s e m acutae, ad apicem acuminatae, maturitate supra glabrae, subtus dense sericeae; petiolus 5 - 9 m m longus. Inflorescentia axillaris, condensatim spicata, bracteis bracteolisque ovatis vel orbicularibus, 11.5 m m longis, 1-1.5 m m latis; calyces lobis ovatis, sericeis, 2 - 3 m m longis, 1-1.2 m m latis; corolla rosea,

campanulata, 8-11 m m longa, glabra, basaliter lobis oblanceolatis, 2 - 3 turn latis; stamina multiseriata; stylus basaliter pilosus, 10-12 m m longus. Fructus pilosus, ellipsoideus vel subglobosus, 6-8 m m longus, 3-5 m m latus, 3-1ocularis.

Trees 7 - 2 0 m tall; vegetative buds, juvenile branches, and inflorescences densely sericeous to tomentose, the hairs 0.5-0.8 m m long, reddish brown. Petioles densely to sparsely (on older leaves) sericeous abaxially, 5 - 9 m m long, ca. 1 m m wide. Leaf blades subcoriaceous, narrowly elliptic or elliptic to oblanceolate, 8-12 x 2.7-3.5(-3.8) cm, margin entire, undulate, apex acuminate, base acute, abaxially densely sericeous with secondary veins elevated, adaxially glabrous with the midvein not impressed, slightly raised. Inflorescences fasciculate, with 10-16 sessile flowers; bracts and bracteoles 1-1.5 m m long, 1.5-2 m m wide, deciduous, broadly ovate to orbicular, sericeous abaxially. Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes ovate, 2-3 m m long, 1-1.2 m m wide at the base, densely sericeous abaxially, margins ciliate (but this obscured by pubescence). Corolla sympetalous, campanulate, 8-11 m m long, 5lobed, pink; lobes connate basally for 3-4 m m and adnate to the filaments for 3-5 m m at the base, narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, abaxially sparsely sericeous near the apex, apically rounded, 2-3 m m wide, entire to minutely ciliate distally. Stamens 3-4-seriate;

Brittonia, 58(4), 2006, pp. 318-321. 9 2006, by The New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 U.S.A.

ISSUED: 28 December 2006

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FIG. l. Symplocos pachycarpa. A. Branch with flowers. B. Abaxial surface of young leaf. C. Inflorescence. D. Flower at anthesis. E. Style with nectary disc at base. E Dissected corolla showing attachment of monadelphous stamens. G. Detached fruit with persistent sepals and style base. (A, B: Salas M. 291, MEXU; C-G: Maya J. 3265, MEXU.)

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filaments connate basally for 4-5 mm, the free portions of outermost filaments linearoblong, 1-1.5 x ca. 0.75 ram. Ovary inferior, villous at the summit, sericeous on the sides; style straight, pilose on basal half, 10-12 mm long; stigma irregularly 3-lobed. Fruits drupaceous, densely to sparsely pilose, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 6-8 mm long (not including persistent sepals), 3-5 mm diam., 3celled in cross section with a rounded bony endocarp. Distribution and habitat.--Guerrero, in the Sierre Madre del Sur; Oaxaca, in the Sierra Norte and Sierra Madre del Sur mountain ranges, also in the Chimalapa region; in cloud forests and oak-pine forests, (1400-) 1600-2020 m. Etymology.--The specific epithet refers to the short broad fruits of this species. Additional specimens examined. M E X I C O . GUERRERO. Between Puerto el Gallo and Atoyac, 1830 m, 20 Oct 1984 (fl), B r e e d l o v e & A l m e d a 6 1 9 6 3 (BM, CAS, F, IEB, INB, M E X U , MICH, MO, NY); below Puerto el Gallo along the road to Atoyac, 1980 m, 10 Oct 1986, Breedlove & A l m e d a 6 5 1 4 6 (BM, CAS, DUKE, F, GH, IEB, INB, M E X U , MICH, MO, NY, TEX). OAXACA. Dist. Ixtlgn: Macuiltianguis, a 2 k m abajo del Rancho "La Primavera" rumbo al Rio "Faisan," 1600 m, sf (fr), Pdrez C. C 9 3 (MEXU). Dist. Juchit~in: Mpio. San Miguel Chimalapa: Cerro de la Divisi6n, ca. 5 k m al E de Benito J u ~ e z , ca. 39 k m en lfnea recta al NNE de San Pedro Tapantepec, Lat. 16 ~ 43'N, Long. 94 ~ 05'W, 1400-1600 m, 1 May 1986 (fr), M a y a J. 3 2 6 5 (CAS, MEXU); Mpio. Sta. Maria Chimalapa, Cerro E1 Quetzal (Cerro de la Mesa), ca. 3.5 k m en lfnea recta al N del Cerro Guayabitos, ca. 44 krn en lfnea recta al N de San Pedro Tapanatepec, cerca del lfmite con Mpio. San Miguel Chimalapa, Lat. 165 46'N, Long. 94 l l'30"N, 1950 m, 22 Jul 1985 (fr), Wendt et al. 5071 (CAS, MEXU, MO). Dist. Miahuatl~in: Mpio. San Jeronimo Coatl~n, 10 k m de San Jeronimo Coati,in, camino a San Pedro Juchatengo, 17 Jan 1992 (fr), S a l a s M. 291

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(MEXU). Dist. Mixe: Mpio. Totontepec, R u m b o Villa Alta, 16 km al O de Totontepec, 14 Sep. 1986 (fl), R a m i r e z G. & R a m i r e z C. 5 5 0 (CAS, MEXU, NY); E1 Mirador de Amatepec, 5 k m a l NE de Totontepec, hacia Choap~in, 1860 m., 14 Dec 1985 (fl), Torres C. et al. 7964 (CAS, M E X U , NY). Dist. Villa Alta: K m 622 Camino Piedra Larga a Miahuatl~in, 24 Sep. 1982 (fl), Cedillo T. 1831 (CAS, MEXU, MO); 6.7 k m al SE de la desviaci6n a Oaxaca por Mixes, la desviaci6n esta 3.5 km al S de San Andrrs Yaa, 2020 m, 7 Dec 1982 (tl), Torres C. & Cedillo Z 2 0 6 4 (F, GH, MEXU, MO).

Symplocos pachycarpa is a member of Symplocos sect. Symplocastrum Brand (sensu Brand, 1901) based on its basally connate stamens that are adnate approximately half the length of the petals (Fig. 1F). Furthermore, Symplocos pachycarpa was incorporated (as "sp. nov") into the phylogenetic analyses of Fritsch et al. (2006), and placed in a clade along with some of the other Mexican species of section Symplocastrum, including S. hintonii Lundell, S. austromexicana Almeda, S. coccinea Bonpl., S. citrea Lex. in La Llave & Lex., and S. speciosa Hemsl. Within this clade, S. pachycarpa is morphologically most similar to S. citrea. Both species have fascieulate inflorescences, densely sericeous sepals, petal lobes with sparse apical pubescence, basally pubescent styles, and pubescent ovaries and fruits. Symplocos citrea is most common on the Pacific slope of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, from Nayarit and Jalisco to as far east as the State of Mexico and Distrito Federal. It is also present, but less common, in the Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero and Oaxaca. The following key distinguishes S. pachycarpa from its putative relatives in Symplocos sect. Symplocastrum:

1. Flowers longer than 2 cm; sepals subulate; petals apically acute; leaves revolute, at least in lower 1/3 of blade ..............................................................................................................................................................S. hintonii 1. Flowers shorter than 1.5 cm; sepals lanceolate-ovate to ovate, broadly ovate, or triangular; petals apically rounded; leaves plane. 2. Flowers solitary. 3. Fruit 1.8-2.7 cm long, moderately to densely hirsute, 4-1ocular; sepals abaxially densely sericeous ...........................................................................................................................................................S. coccinea

3. Fruit 0.9-1.2 cm long, glabrous, 3-1ocular; sepals abaxially glabrous .................................. S. a u s t r o m e x i c a n a 2. Flowers in fasciculate inflorescences. 4. Ovaries 3-1ocular, 2 locules sterile; sepals lanceolate-ovate; leaf margin crenate-denticulate with black deciduous teeth ......................................................................................................................... S. s p e c i o s a 4. Ovaries 3(-4)-locular, all locules fertile; sepals ovate to broadly ovate or triangular; leaf margin entire or serrulate. 5. Leaves narrowly elliptic or elliptic to oblanceolate, entire; fruits broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 6 - 8 m m long; vegetative buds, juvenile branches, and inflorescences densely sericeous to tomentose with reddish brown hairs ..................................................................................................S. p a c h y c a r p a

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5. Leaves elliptic or oblong to lanceolate or obovate, serrulate; fruits narrowly cylindric to slightly obovoid (rarely fusiform), 1.3-1.6(-2) cm long; vegetative buds, juvenile branches, and inflorescences sericeous to pilose with reddish brown hairs ......................................................................... S.

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citrea

Acknowledgments

L i t e r a t u r e Cited

W e t h a n k A l b i n o L u n a for p r e p a r i n g the l i n e d r a w i n g , P e t e r F r i t s c h and E s t e b a n M a r t f n e z for i n v a l u a b l e a s s i s t a n c e in the field, t w o a n o n y m o u s r e v i e w e r s for h e l p f u l c o m m e n t s , and the c u r a t o r s and staffs o f the c i t e d h e r b a r i a for a l l o w i n g us to e x a m i n e c o l l e c t i o n s u n d e r t h e i r care. W e also t h a n k R o b b i n M o r a n for a c t i n g as E d i t o r f o r this m a n u script.

Brand, A. 1901. Symplocaceae. Das Pflanzenreich IV. 242 (Heft 6): 1-100.

Fritsch, P.W., B.C. Cruz, E Almeda, Y. Wang & S. Shi, 2006. Phylogeny of S y m p l o c o s based on DNA sequences of the chloroplast trnC-trnD intergenic region. Systematic Botany 3h 181-192. St~hl, B. 1995. Diversity and distribution of Andean Symplocaceae. Pages 397--405. In: S.P. Churchill, H. Balslev, E. Forero & J.L. Luteyn (eds.), Biodiversity and conservation of neotropical montane forests. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. Nooteboom, H . E 1975. Revision of the Symplocaceae of the Old World, New Caledonia excepted. Leiden University Press, Leiden, Netherlands.