Communication Factor TIPS
Corporate Factor TIPS
Technology Factor TIPS
Human Factor TIPS
Financial Factor TIPS
External Factor TIPS
PROMOTION
INNOVATION
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
ASSESSMENT
INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION
INVESTMENT
COLLABORATION
COMMERCIALISATION
End of Presentation
Thank you for Listening!!!
[email protected]
Lessons
Technology transfer and commercialization CAN be compatible with, and in fact enhance, the traditional missions and roles of a university or research institute.
Technology transfer and commercialization requires a dedicated effort to be successful
The skills necessary for successful technology transfer and commercialization are different than the skills necessary to do good science.
The research organization of the 21st century will be heavily involved in technology transfer.
Use information to decide if should buy out competitor, merge or sell out to competitor
Identify possible ways to designs around others rights
Identify possible improvement patents on others patents
and so on….
Use as management tool by enterprises…
Use as management tool by enterprises
Source of technological information for R&D
Compile and maintain IP inventory
Key performance targets and measures for
Overall enterprise activity
Particular divisions or departments
Research teams or individual researchers
Searching by inventor allows to monitor who is generator of new technology
Screen and monitor competitors
Use information to oppose competitors acquiring rights, seek revocation, defend infringement actions
Identify potential collaborators for cross licensing, patent pooling
Proper Research
Paper work
Pricing
Publicity
Partnership
People's
Acceptance
Methods of Technology Acquisition by Zimbabwe….
Attracting Trans –National Cooperations through direct measures viz. making a positive list of industries open to FDI
Through indirect measures - viz by offering incentives & subsidies
Attracting Trans –National Cooperations into natural resource processing & inducing greater value additions
Using Trans –National Cooperations to attract / encourage their overseas suppliers to invest into Zimbabwe
Improving skills & training of local technologists by involving Trans –National Cooperations
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Pricing – most difficult and critical area of Transfer of technology.
- Too high prices can put off buyer, leaving the technology unsold.
- Too high prices can result in revenue loss.
- There are basically two models regarding pricing
Price charged for a technology should depend upon market force i.e. impact of the technology irrespective of amount spent on developing it.
Price charged should include all expenses involved in developing it.
Publicity – It is important to identify and then approach buyer i.e. adopt targeted Publicity and not blanket publicity. Specific journal, website, letters to manufacturer, personal selective visit etc. are some common approach which help in locating buyer.
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Partnership – this means working along with industry. Industry takes it up as manufacturer and makes available to society. Partnerships are important to ensure your technology is successfully adopted and simply conveying the details may not be sufficient.
People's Acceptance – It is no use trying to develop a technology which people will not accept e.g. due to religious reason/social concern etc. genetically modified food, irradiated vegetables processed, beef in India, improved capsule made of non-vegetarian material.
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Entire Technology Transfer Process
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FACTOR AFFECTING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
TIPS Method ( Technology implementation Potential for Success)
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Proper Research – By proper research we mean firstly that in which the result are reproducible and issues such as scale up, stability etc and other practical now has been addressed, also that in which problem were taken up in first place.
Proper work- This refer to institutional and guidelines regarding IP Protection licensing modalities etc. which must be in place beforehand. In the absence of these, decision get delayed, lack of fairness in decision e.g. case of X institute, which came up with good technology but since no guidance were there, kept running around for two years and then gave up.
CONTENT OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROCESS
Constituents of Technology Transfer Process
Technology Transfer
Technology Promotion
Technology Deployment
Technology innovation
Technology Development
Technology Research
Technology Assessment
Technology Information and Communication
Technology Investment
Technology Collaboration
Technology Commercialization
Types of Technology
1) EMERGING TECHNOLOGY- is an innovative technology that currently is undergoing bench scale testing, in which a small version of the technology is tested in a laboratory.
2) INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY- is a technology that has been field tested and applied to a hazardous waste problem at a site, but lack a long history of full-scale use.
3) ESTABLISHED TECHNOLOGY- is a technology for which cost and performance information is readily only after a technology has been used at many different sites and the result fully documented is that technology considered.
Technology Transfer Agents
R&D Units
Universities
Public Research Centers
Technology Institutes
(institutions, labs etc)
Companies
Supplier of technology
and R&D to third parties
Spin-off, start-ups
Large R&D department
Competitors, suppliers…
(technological alliances)
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FUNCTION OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TEAM
Coordinate- Coordinating between technology users and developer, between researcher and manufacturers is an important element of technology transfer.
Nurture- A main ingredient for moving technology from a research laboratory to a new business enterprise successfully in an environment that is supportive for entrepreneurship.
LINK- Cataloging resources related to business enterprises &
connecting would be entrepreneurship / researcher and other technology developers to outside group & organization which can help in the process of starting new product, companies etc.
such linkage provides referrals for individual business counseling, sources of financing.
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Successfully conducting technology transfer requires champions at each step in the process.
Utilization of Patent Information as a Technology Transfer Tool: Databases, Content and Access Conditions
Patent system has always been concerned with "technology transfer"
A patent specification is a teaching document:
Should explain to a person skilled in a field of technology exactly what has been invented and how to put it into practice
International Patent Classification
National patent classifications developed (e.g. USPTO 1831, German patent Office 1877, UK 1880)
Once prior art included foreign patent documents which was a need for international system
WIPO and Strasbourg Agreement 1971
IPC system (8th edition)
8 main sections of technology
21 subsections
129 classes
639 subclasses
7,314 main groups
61,397 groups (and rising)
All identified by key symbols
Advantages of Patent Documents…..
Classifications systems allow key to searching and analysis
Abstracts assist sifting for relevance
Bibliographical information allows contact with wide range of parties
Standard formats allow creation of consistent data bases
Patent family identifiable both by technology and territorially
Advantages of Patent Documents
Current and recently granted patents and applications often contain most recent technological information publicly available in field.
Often only source of information
Detailed explanations of technology
Detailed information in all fields
Source of linking references
Standard form of patents
Bibliographical items standardised by INID code
Bibliographic Information
Dates names and addresses of:
~the inventor,
~applicant for right,
~person claiming to be eligible for grant,
~patent representative, agent or attorney
Classification symbols
~IPC symbols
Maybe national patent classification
~Title of invention
~Abstract of description
~Representative drawing or formulae
Technological Information
Description of the state of the art prior to the invention
Detailed description of the invention in a form to instruct a person skilled in the art
Drawings or formulae
A claim or claims defining embodiments
Types of Information
Technological
and
Bibliographical information
Patent Documentation…..
Data bases for computer searching
Data bases of national or regional offices
Specialist patent information providers
Patent agent firms
Individual enterprises
Government reports, discussion papers, draft legislation,etc
Compilations of patent statistics
Patent Documentation
Specifications in granted patents
Specifications in applications not granted
Specifications in petty patents, innovation patents, utility models
Provisional application descriptions
Decided cases in patent litigation
Abstracts of inventions used to search
Official gazettes, bulletins of patent offices
References between sources
Official patent indexes
Volume of Patent Documents
There is an enormous number of patent documents
WIPO statistics for 2004
850,000 first filings
1,600,000 applications to patent offices
5,000,000 patents in force
European Patent Office
holds 60,000,000 patent documents
Ways by which Technology is transferred
Consulting
Graduating students ("moving heads")
Faculty moving on ("moving heads")
Collaborative research
Patenting and licensing
Service and outreach ("extension")
Spin-off companies
Harare Institute of Technology
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Varied Roles
IDEA
Research
Development
Production
Manufacturing
Distribution
Start-up
Firms
R & D
Firms
Larger
Companies
Universities
Research
Institutes
MARKET
Lessons from Harare Institute of Technology
SIST
Teaching Depts.
Laboratories & workshops
SIST
Teaching Depts.
Laboratories & workshops
SBMS
Teaching Depts.
Laboratories & workshops
SET
Teaching Depts.
Laboratories & workshops
TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER OFFICE
IP Protection Office
Patents,utilighty models, trademarks & industrial designs
Licensing & Beneficiation Office
Copyrights Office
So... Where to enter the catalytic process of technology transfer?
Universities and Research Institutes:
Mainly on the level of basic and applied research, and early stage development.
Entrepreneurial companies:
Any stage from research and development to the market.
Technology Transfer is a Process
It has stages, phases, and typical behaviors.
It operates and can be understood at different levels (e.g., technology policy, individual scientists).
It involves different "stakeholder" perspectives (e.g., developers and users).
It is therefore a "communication process."
Patenting
Licensing
Disclosure
Commercialization
Products/Processes
(Royalties)
The Technology Transfer Process
Agreement Administration
What is Technology Transfer?
A process for conceiving and implementing a new/novel application for an existing technology (Reisman, 1989)
Introduction
It is a process which is mainly concerned with the transfer of technology from the research areas to the "Production and Quality Assurance" environment .
The Process by which existing knowledge , facilities or capabilities developed under R & D funding are utilized to fulfill public and private need.
"Technology Transfer" includes a range of formal & informal cooperation between technology developers and technology seekers.
Why should we care?
Better transfer and industrial linkage can open up interesting new lines of inquiry.
Better transfer and industrial linkage can expand opportunities for education.
Better transfer and industrial linkage can lead to new sources of research support.
Possibility of financial remuneration.
Better transfer and industrial linkage can build national and regional competitiveness and create jobs for graduates.
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
WAYS "TECHNOLOGY" IS TRANSFERRED
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AGENT
TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY
CONSTITUENTS OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
CONTENTS OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TEAM & RESPONSIBILITY
FACTOR AFFECTING TECHNOLOGY
Technology Transfer Process
MUREDZI.P; MSc Eng; MIP
Dean – School of Industrial Sciences and Technology
Intellectual Property Training Project for Polytechnic and Teachers Colleges
Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Science and Technology Development – April 2015
Stages, Phases, and Behaviors
Linearity as convenient fiction (technology push). The intellectual elegance of your science or technology won't necessarily attract market attention.
Lots of feedback and recursive loops (market pull). Successful technology transfer demands lots of iterations.
Marker events or key milestones: Award of a patent, proof of principle, signing a license deal.
Lesson: This is a long-term, confusing process-not a single event. You need to be in for the long haul. (universities and research institutes can!)
Technology Transfer
(NOT)
DEPLOYMENT
DEVELOPMENT
RESEARCH
What is Technology Transfer?
WIPO says technology transfer is: "defined as transfer of new technologies from universities and research institutions to parties capable of commercialization"
or in the sense of transfer of technologies across international borders, generally from developed to developing countries.
Generally Technology Transfer consists of knowledge or IP rights that are:
~licensed in the form of intellectual property,
~the subject of formal consulting or training agreements,
~communicated in the work place or research settings
~diffused by publication or other means.
Product
Technology
Science
Industry
Institutions, Industry, Government
Universities , Government
1-3
3-6
5-20 yrs.
Science to Business Lag Time….
Steps for Technology Transfer
Step 1. Preparing the ground
Ensuring that skills, knowledge, contacts, companies are all in place
Step 2. Seeding/implantation
Technology acquisition and resource leverage, leading to adaptation and improvement
Step 3. Propagation
Financial resources, enterprise development, product development, and infrastructure support to encourage firms to take up the new technologies
Step 4. Sustainability
Deepening industry structures, R&D capabilities, social structures of innovation
What is a "Market Pull"???
Occurs when existing firms seek better technologies to reduce their costs of production or to make marginal improvements in the quality of their existing products.
The market "pulls" technology into it. A need exists, and there is currently no technology to meet the need.
What is "Technology Push" ????
An innovator sees an opportunity to profit from a technology that has little or no current market. An "entirely new" market is created, based on the novel capacities of the technology.
Users do not know they need a product until it is there.
Push and pull forces initiate technology transfer.
One process transforms a technology into a product.
Explaining Technology Transfer……
And while WIPO emphasises licensing as the major vehicle for technology transfer there are other methods of transmission
Government local participation requirements in foreign firms setting up in the jurisdiction
Note Chinese requirements and EU response
Legitimate reverse engineering
Access to publicly available knowledge through patent data bases
Industrial espionage
Straight out infringement activity
Explaining what technology transfer is…..
The reference to skills, knowledge, technologies, methods of manufacturing, samples of manufacturing and facilities is probably wide enough to refer to the subject of transfer. But there are more locations of transfer. Transfer can be between:
Public Universities or Government Research Institutes and private industry,
between the research and development (R&D) departments and the other departments of a single business
between various entities or branches of a business group in a franchising operation from the franchisor to the franchisee
between international organisations and national organisations
between industrialised economies and developing economies
And so on
Demystifying Technology Transfer
The WIPO website then refers to two manuals on licensing - Successful Technology Licensing http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/ip-development/en/strategies/pdf/publication_903.pdf
"Exchanging Value - Negotiating Technology Licensing Agreements: A Training Manual" http://www.wipo.int/ebookshop
Use of Patent Information?
Determine most recent products and methods
Accumulate and understand technological advance
Locate related technology
Identify technology trends
Adapt research priorities
R&D plans strategically targeted
Allows "design around" or complementary development strategies
Reduce incidence of "reinventing the wheel"
Suggest solutions to analogous problems in other fields
Indicator of feasibility
Methods of Technology Acquisition by Zimbabwe….
Developing industrial parks / technology parks to attract high technology investors
Offering incentives to existing investors to move to more complex technologies and to increase or upgrade technological R& D base
Changing competitive environment and existing incentive structure to encourage world class technology & management
Improving technological access for local firms for outsourcing / technology transfer
Collecting, organising & disseminating information about technology development
Acquisition of Technology by Zimbabwe
What factors influence acquisition decision?
What are national strategies for technology acquisition?
Methods of technology acquisition by Zimbabwe?
Use as management tool by the Zimbabwean government…
Monitor foreign patent applications in Zimbabwe to level of foreign ownership and control in economy
Indicate trend of technology in foreign country
Can assist identifying import levels
Monitor domestic applications to identify
~Level of domestic innovation
~levels of R&D success
~Information to assess trends in economy
~Identification of activity in differing sectors
Planning tool
Monitoring and analysing patents in a foreign country may reveal much about that countries economic and industrial development and assist trade policies
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7 April 2015
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Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Click to edit Master text styles
Click to edit Master text styles
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Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
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7 April 2015
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Click to edit Master title style
7 April 2015
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7 April 2015
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Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
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7 April 2015
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Click icon to add picture
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
7 April 2015
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Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
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Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
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Click to edit Master text styles
Click to edit Master text styles
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Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
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Click to edit Master title style
7 April 2015
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Click to edit Master title style
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Click to edit Master text styles
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Click icon to add picture
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
7 April 2015
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Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
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7 April 2015
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7 April 2015
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Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
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Click to edit Master text styles
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7 April 2015
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Click to edit Master title style
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Second level
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7 April 2015
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Click to edit Master text styles
Click to edit Master title style
7 April 2015
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Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
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7 April 2015
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Click to edit Master title style
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Second level
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7 April 2015
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43
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Click to edit Master text styles
Click to edit Master text styles
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Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
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7 April 2015
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Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master subtitle style
7 April 2015
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4/7/2015
Click to edit Master text styles
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