Tenses

Active Voice Present Simple

Past Perfect

Subject + V1 ¾Ù´¶Ö§¡ÒÅ»˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ ÊÀÒ¾»˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ áÅСÒáÃзíÒ·ÕèàÃÒ»¯ÔºÑµÔ ໚¹»ÃШíÒ ËÃ×ÍÊÔ觷Õè໚¹¤ÇÒÁ¨ÃÔ§ I read.

Subject + had + V3 㪌¡Ñºà˵ءÒó·Õèà¡Ô´¢Ö鹡‹Í¹àÇÅÒã´àÇÅÒ˹֧è ã¹Í´Õµ ËÃ×Í㪌 àÁ×èÍÁÕà˵ءÒóà¡Ô´¢Ö¹é ã¹Í´Õµ 2 à˵ءÒÃޏ·Õ診ä»áÅŒÇ â´Â Past Perfect à¡Ô´¡‹Í¹ áÅÐ Simple Past à¡Ô´·ÕËÅѧ I had read. I had had breakfast before I took a bath.

Present Continuous Subject + Verb to be + Ving ¡ÒáÃзíÒ¹Ñ鹡íÒÅѧ´íÒà¹Ô¹ÍÂÙ‹ ËÃ×ͤҴNjҨÐà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ I’m reading. I am reading tonight.

Present Perfect Subject + has/have + V3 à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹Í´Õµ áŌǴíÒà¹Ô¹àÃ×èÍÂÁÒ¨¹¨ºã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ àÁ×è;ٴ¨º I have read.

Present Perfect Continuous Subject + has/have + been + Ving à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹Í´Õµ áÅдíÒà¹Ô¹àÃ×èÍÂÁÒ¨¹¶Ö§»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ ᵋÂѧäÁ‹¨º I have been reading.

Past Simple Subject + V2 㪌¡Ñº¡ÒáÃзíÒ·Õ輋ҹä»áÅŒÇ I read.

Past Continuous Subject + Verb to be [2] + Ving ÁÕà˵ءÒóË¹Öè§à¡Ô´¢Ö鹡‹Í¹ «Ö觡íÒÅѧ´íÒà¹Ô¹ÍÂÙ‹ã¹Í´Õµ áÅŒÇÁÕ ÍÕ¡à˵ءÒóà¡Ô´«ŒÍ¹¢Ö¹é ÁÒã¹àÇÅÒÊÑé¹ æ ËÃ×Í ·Õè¡íÒÅѧ´íÒà¹Ô¹ ÍÂÙ‹Í‹ҧªÑ´à¨¹ ³ àÇÅÒ˹Öè§ã¹Í´Õµ I was reading when something fell from the shelf. I was reading.

***** ºÒ§µÑÇÍҨ㪌᷹¡Ñ¹ä´Œã¹ºÒ§âÍ¡ÒÊ *****

Past Perfect Continuous Subject + had been + Ving 㪌䴌µ‹ÍàÁ×èÍÁÕà˵ءÒóã¹Í´Õµ 2 à˵ءÒó ¢³Ð·Õè à˵ءÒóË¹Ö觡íÒÅѧ´íÒà¹Ô¹ÍÂÙ‹ ¡çÁÕÍÕ¡à˵ءÒóË¹Ö§è à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ Before I went to bed, I had been reading.

Future Simple Subject + will/shall + V1 㪌¡Ñº¡ÒáÃзíÒ·Õè¨Ðà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ I will read.

Future Continuous Subject + will/shall be + Ving 㪌¡Ñºà˵ءÒó·Õè¡íÒÅѧ¨Ðà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ µÒÁàÇÅÒ·ÕèÃкØäÇŒ ËÃ×Í ãªŒ¡Œºà˵ءÒó 2 à˵ءÒó·Õè¨Ðà¡Ô´¢Ö¹é ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ I will be reading tonight. When you call, I will be reading.

Future Perfect Subject + will/shall + have + V3 à˵ءÒóË¹Öè§ä´Œ¨ºÊÔ¹é ŧ àÁ×èͶ֧àÇÅÒ˹Öè§ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ ËÃ×Í à˵ءÒó·Õ診áÅŒÇã¹àÇÅÒ˹Öè§ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ I will have read before you arrive. I will have read at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

Future Perfect Continuous Subject + will/shall have been + Ving 㪌àÁ×è͵ŒÍ§¡ÒÃ¨ÐºÍ¡Ç‹Ò ³ àÇÅÒ˹֧è ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ à˵ءÒó ˹Öè§«Ö§è ´íÒà¹Ô¹ÁÒ¡‹Í¹¹Ñé¹Âѧ¤§´íÒà¹Ô¹ÍÂÙ‹ áÅШдíÒà¹Ô¹µ‹Íã» ÍÕ¡ I will have been reading for 1 day in 1 minute.

ÊÃØ» Past

Present

Future

I read

I read

I will read

I was reading

I have read

I am reading

I have been reading I had read

I will be reading I will have read I will have been reading

I had been reading

Í´Õµ Past Simple – à¡Ô´ã¹Í´Õµ Past Continuous – à¡Ô´¡‹Í¹ Past Simple ໚¹à˵ءÒó·Õè¡íÒÅѧà¡Ô´ã¹Í´Õµ Past Perfect – ºÍ¡à˵ءÒó·Õèà¡Ô´¢Ö鹡‹Í¹àÇÅÒ˹Öè§ã¹Í´Õµ ¶ŒÒÁÕ 2 à˵ءÒó à˵طÕèà¡Ô´¡‹Í¹¨Ð໚¹ Past Perfect à˵طÕèà¡Ô¹·ÕËÅѧ¨Ð໚¹ Past Simple Past Perfect Continuous – ºÍ¡¶Ö§à˵ءÒó·Õèà¡Ô´¡‹Í¹ ¡‹Í¹·Õè¨Ðà˵ءÒóÍÕ¡à˵ءÒó¨Ðà¡Ô´¢Öé¹à»š¹ Past Simple

»˜¨¨Øº¹Ñ Present Simple – à¡Ô´ã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ ໚¹¨ÃÔ§ ໚¹»ÃШíÒ Present Continuous – ¡íÒÅѧà¡Ô´ (Ving) ËÃ×Í ¤Ò´à´ÒÊÔ§è ·Õè¨Ðà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ Present Perfect – à¡Ô´ã¹Í´Õµáµ‹Ê¹Ôé ÊØ´àÁ×è;ٴ¨º Present Perfect Continuous – à¡Ô´ã¹Í´Õµ ÂѧäÁ‹¨º ³ »˜¨¨ØºÑ¹

͹Ҥµ Future Simple – ºÍ¡¶Ö§à˵ءÒó·Õè¨Ðà¡Ô´ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ Future Continuous – 㪌ºÍ¡ 1 ËÃ×Í 2 à˵ءÒó·Õè¨Ðà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ Future Perfect – ºÍ¡Ç‹Òà˵ءÒóË¹Öè§ä´Œ¨ºÅ§àÁ×èͶ֧àÇÅÒ˹Öè§ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ Future Perfect Continuous – ºÍ¡Ç‹Òà˵ءÒó·Õè¡Òí Åѧ´íÒà¹Ô¹ÍÂÙ‹ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ¨Ð´íÒà¹Ô¹µ‹Íä»ÍÕ¡ ³ àÇÅÒ˹Öè§ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ