FILOSOFIA COMO EXPERIÊNCIA E COMO EDUCAÇÃO

May 31, 2017 | Autor: M. Pagotto-Euzebio | Categoria: Filosofía, Educação, Experiencia
Share Embed


Descrição do Produto

FILOSOFIA COMO EXPERIÊNCIA E COMO EDUCAÇÃO* Marcos Sidnei Pagotto-Euzebio**

$)LORVR¿DpXPDLQYHQomRSODW{QLFD'HIDWR3ODWmRpWDOYH]R ~QLFRILOyVRIRDXWRUGHXPDREUDTXHVHVXVWHQWDLQWHLUDPHQWHSRUVL VHPDSHJRDQDGDTXHMiWHQKDH[LVWLGRHTXHSUHWHQGH±HFRQVHJXHHP JUDQGHSDUWH±WUDWDUde  tudoGHWRGDDH[SHULrQFLDKXPDQD(P3ODWmR QyVTXHQRVGHGLFDPRVj)LORVR¿DWHPRVQRVVRVOLYURVVDJUDGRVnossas   escriturasjVTXDLVVHPSUHQRVUHIHULPRVVHMDPRVQyV¿pLVVHJXLGRUHV GRHVStULWRGHVVHSDLIXQGDGRURXHQWmRKHUHJHVUHIRUPDGRUHVPDLVRX PHQRVUDGLFDLV3ODWmRHVFROKHXRVVHXVDQWHFHVVRUHVWUD]HQGRRVSDUDR WHUULWyULRGD)LORVR¿DSRUHOHFULDGDHinventandoXPDWUDGLomRDTXDOVH ¿OLDUQmRjWRDRV¿OyVRIRVSUpVRFUiWLFRVVmRDVVLPFKDPDGRVPHOKRU VHULDFKDPiORVQRHQWDQWRGHSUpSODW{QLFRVSRUTXH6yFUDWHVRXDR PHQRVR6yFUDWHVTXHQRVLQWHUHVVDIRLHOHWDPEpPHPJUDQGHPHGLGD XPDLQYHQomRSODW{QLFD 7RPHPRVGHVWHXQLYHUVRSRUWDQWRGXDVLPDJHQVGDVLQ~PHUDVTXH 3ODWmRQRVGHL[RXHPVXDVREUDV $SULPHLUDGHODVpDPDLVIDPRVDDPDLVFRQKHFLGDWmRH[DJHUD GDPHQWHFRQKHFLGDTXHWDOYH]LPDJLQHPRVVDEHURTXHHODQRVPRVWUD DQWHVPHVPRGHHQFRQWUDUPRQRVFRPHOD)DORGDalegoria  da  caverna DFpOHEUHLPDJHPTXHIRLWRPDGDQmRDSHQDVFRPRUHVXPRRXHPEOHPD

 $XODLQDXJXUDOGRFXUVRGH)LORVR¿DGD8QLYHUVLGDGH0HWRGLVWDGH6mR3DXOR±80(63 UHDOL]DGDHPGHIHYHUHLURGH2WH[WRTXHVHVHJXHpDYHUVmRHVFULWDGDFRQIH UrQFLDTXHUHWpPDVPDUFDVGDRUDOLGDGHWtSLFDVGHXPDDSUHVHQWDomRGHVVHWLSR

3URIHVVRUGD)(863

60

FILOSOFIA  COMO  EXPERIÊNCIA  E  COMO  EDUCAÇÃO  

GD)LORVR¿DSODW{QLFDPDVGDSUySULD)LORVR¿DGHVGHHQWmR2TXHWHPRV DOL"1RLQtFLRGR/LYUR9,,GDRepúblicaQRSRQWRTXHpSRUDVVLPGL]HU RHL[RHPWRUQRGRTXDORUELWDDREUDSODW{QLFDQHVVHFRPHoRGR/LYUR 9,,6yFUDWHVDSUHVHQWDSDUD*ODXFRVHXLQWHUORFXWRUXPDKLVWyULDPRVWUD DHOHXPFHQiULRFRPDWRUHVHXPFHQiULRHPTXHXPFULYRIXQFLRQDUi FRPRGLVWLQomR &RPSDUDQRVVDQDWXUH]DFRQIRUPHVHMDRXQmRHGXFDGDFRPDVHJXLQ WHVLWXDomRLPDJLQDKRPHQVHPXPDPRUDGDVXEWHUUkQHDHPIRUPDGH FDYHUQDSURYLGDGHXPD~QLFDHQWUDGDFRPYLVWDSDUDDOX]HPWRGDD VXDODUJXUD(QFRQWUDPVHQHVVHOXJDUGHVGHSHTXHQRVSHUQDVHSHVFRoR DPDUUDGRVFRPFDGHLDVGHIRUPDTXHVmRIRUoDGRVDDOLSHUPDQHFHUHD ROKDUDSHQDVSDUDDIUHQWHLPSRVVLELOLWDGRVFRPRVHDFKDPSHODVFDGHLDV GHYLUDUDFDEHoD

2XVHMDSHUFHEDGL]6yFUDWHVD*ODXFRFRPRVRPRVnósVHUHVKX PDQRVFRQIRUPHQRVVDQDWXUH]DQRVVDphysisWHQKDVLGRRXQmRHGXFDGD 3ODWmRSHODERFDGH6yFUDWHVXWLOL]DRVWHUPRVpaideíaHapaideusíaRX VHMDHGXFDomRHLJQRUkQFLD RXPDLVULJRURVDPHQWHfalta  de  educação  ,PSRUWDQWHQRWDUTXHQHVVHSRQWRD[LDOGDRepública3ODWmRFRORFDFRPR IXQGDPHQWRGHWRGRRUHVWDQWHFODUDPHQWHDSUHVHQoDRXDDXVrQFLDGD HGXFDomRGHXPSURFHVVRIRUPDWLYR0DLVGRTXHDVGHVFULo}HVVREUHD HGXFDomRGRVJXDUGL}HVFRPWRGRVRVVHXVGHWDOKHVIRLHVVDIUDVHFXUWD TXHWDOYH]WHQKDIHLWR5RXVVHDXD¿UPDUQREmílioTXHDRepúblicaDR FRQWUiULRGRTXHSHQVDPRVTXHMXOJDPRVOLYURVDSHQDVSHODVFDSDVp RPDLVLPSRUWDQWHWUDWDGRGHHGXFDomRMiHVFULWR(HVVDGLYLVmRHQWUH LJQRUDQWHHilustradosLUiVHGHVGREUDUQRFHQiULRPRQWDGRSRU6yFUDWHV SDUD*ODXFRRVLJQRUDQWHVSUHVRVQRIXQGRGHXPDFDYHUQDQDGDVDEHP DFHUFDGD³YHUGDGHLUDUHDOLGDGH´HDLQGDTXHYLYDPHPXPPXQGRGH VLPXODFURVHLPDJHQVGHULYDGDVSHQVDPFRQKHFHURUHDOWDOFRPRHOHp 0DVGL]6yFUDWHVRTXHYHHPVmRVRPEUDVHLOXV}HVLQFDSD]HVGHVDLU SRUVLPHVPRVGHVVDFRQGLomRGHLJQRUkQFLD3DUDLVVRVHUiSUHFLVRD LQWHUYHQomRGHXPDIRUoDH[WHUQDTXHOLEHUWHHVVHVSULVLRQHLURV(ODDJH FRPHPSHQKRHYLROrQFLDRWH[WRSODW{QLFRIDODGH³IRUoDURSULVLRQHLUR 

   P/$7­2A  RepúblicaDE7UDG&DUORV$OEHUWR1XQHV3DUi(GLWRUD

GD8QLYHUVLGDGHGR3DUi

Revista   Páginas   de   Filosofia,   v.   7,   n.   1,   p.59-­‐70,   jan./jun.   2015

 REVISTA  PÁGINAS  DE  FILOSOFIA

61

DYROWDUDFDEHoD´³REULJiORDROKDUSDUDDVDtGDGDFDYHUQD´³DUUDVWiOR SDUDIRUD´PHVPRFRQWUDVXDYRQWDGH 4XHPpHVVHTXHIRUoDHOLEHUWD"7XGROHYDDFUHUTXH3ODWmRIDOH DTXLGH6yFUDWHVGR6yFUDWHVTXHHOHFRQKHFHXHTXHPRUUHUDKDYLDYiULRV DQRVTXDQGRHVVDVOLQKDVIRUDPHVFULWDV1HVVHPHVPRVHQWLGRGLDQWHGR HVSDQWRGH*ODXFRFRPDGHVFULomRGHSHVVRDVSUHVDVGHPDQHLUDWmRHVWUD QKD6yFUDWHVDGLDQWDRHQUHGRHpiscandoSDUDROHLWRUGRGLiORJRTXDVH TXHVHGLULJLQGRGLUHWDPHQWHDRS~EOLFRTXHROrHTXHROHUi3ODWmRID] TXHHOHGLJDFRPRTXHIRUDGRWH[WR±HIRUDGRWHPSRHGRHVSDoRsub   specie  aeternitatis±TXHFRQWLQXDPRVDVHUGHVGHVHPSUHWDLVSULVLRQHLURV 2XVHMDSRGHPRVFRQFHEHUTXHHVVHTXHOLEHUWDRSULVLRQHLURpXP ¿OyVRIRPDVRSULVLRQHLURXPDYH]OLEHUWDGRXPDYH]IRUoDGRDVXELU D³tQJUHPHHQFRVWD´HPGLUHomRDRVROHOHPHVPRVHWRUQDILOyVRIRH UHWRUQDjVXDFDYHUQDSDUDOLEHUWDURVVHXVFRPSDQKHLURVPHUJXOKDGRV QRHUUReSRUDPRUTXHHOHYROWDpSRUDPRUTXHR¿OyVRIRLUiREULJDU VHXVFRPSDQKHLURVDYLUDUHPDFDEHoDHROKDUSDUDDVDtGDGDFDYHUQD2 ¿OyVRIRDPDDVSHVVRDVHSRULVVRDVLQFRPRGD2UHVXOWDGRSRUYH]HV SRGHVHUGHVDJUDGiYHOSDUDHVVHKHUyLGDFRQVFLrQFLDRLQtFLRGR/LYUR 9,,ID]PHQomRjPRUWHGH6yFUDWHVTXDQGRGL]TXHPXLWRVYmRGHVHMDU GDUFDERGHXPVXMHLWRWmRLUULWDQWHHRIHQVLYR (PVXPDHVVDpDKLVWyULDRFOLFKr¿ORVy¿FRFHOHEUDGRHPWRGROX JDURQGHVHIDOHGD)LORVR¿D+iQRHQWDQWRDOJXQVSRQWRVTXHHXJRVWDULD GHGHVWDFDUGHVVHHQUHGRRSULPHLURpDTXHOHTXHDSUHVHQWDRLQRPLQDGR FRPRUHVSRQViYHOSHODOLEHUWDomRGRSULVLRQHLUR ³&RQVLGHUD´GL]R6yFUDWHVSODW{QLFR³RTXHDFRQWHFHULDVHXP GHVVHVSULVLRQHLURVIRVVHOLEHUWDGRGHVXDVFDGHLDVHIRUoDGRDYLUDUD FDEHoD´2VXMHLWRGDDomRpLQGHWHUPLQDGRHSDVVDPRVFUHLRHXPXLWR UDSLGDPHQWHSRUVREUHHVVHGHWDOKH(PVXPDSRGHPRVSHUJXQWDUTXHPRX RTXHOLEHUWRXRSULPHLURSULVLRQHLURRXHQWmRTXHPOLEHUWRXROLEHUWDGRU ,VVRQmRpGHSRXFDLPSRUWkQFLD1RMênonQR¿QDOGRGLiORJR6yFUDWHV HVHXLQWHUORFXWRUDFDEDPHPDSRULDGLDQWHGDSRVVLELOLGDGHRXQmRGHVH HQVLQDUDYLUWXGH8PDGDVVDtGDVpDSRVWDUHPXPDgraça  divinaXPSUH VHQWHGRVGHXVHV±theia  moira±TXHGrDRKRPHPDaretéDSDUHQWHPHQWH LPSRVVtYHOGHDOFDQoDUSHORHQVLQRRXSHODHGXFDomR 6HQDAlegoriaDRFRPSDUDUDVLWXDomRGRLJQRUDQWHSUHVRQDFDYHU QDFRPDGRViELRRXDSUHQGL]GHViELRRXVHMDR¿OyVRIR6yFUDWHVFRQ¿D HPXPpercurso  formativoTXHOHYHjYHUGDGHHDRFRQKHFLPHQWRGRUHDO Revista   Páginas   de   Filosofia,   v.   7,   n.   1,   p.59-­‐70,   jan./jun.   2015

62

FILOSOFIA  COMO  EXPERIÊNCIA  E  COMO  EDUCAÇÃO  

QmRVDEHPRVDLQGDTXHPOLEHUWRXHVVHPHVWUHRULJLQiULR1DApologiaR PDJLVWpULRVRFUiWLFRWHPLQtFLRTXDQGRHOHMipXPKRPHPGHTXDVH DQRVHHVVHLQtFLRpGDGRSHODSDODYUDGRGHXVHOHFRPHoDVXDWDUHIDGH LQYHVWLJDomRSDUDFRPSUHHQGHURRUiFXORTXHGLVVHUDVHU6yFUDWHVRPDLV ViELRGHWRGRVRVKRPHQV2XVHMDQRFRPHoRWHPRVDJUDoDGLYLQDRXVH TXLVHUPRVGDUOKHRXWURQRPHRacasoRXDfortunaTXHJHUDXP¿OyVRIR OHJtWLPRJHUDGRUGHRXWURV¿OyVRIRV 2UDQyVSURIHVVRUHVGH)LORVR¿DXVDPRVGHVVDVLPDJHQVLQ~PH UDVYH]HVHTXDVHVHPSUHTXDQGRDSUHVHQWDPRVDAlegoria  da  Caverna   SDUDRVQRVVRVDOXQRVDSRQWDPRVDHOHVDQHFHVVLGDGHGHVDLUGRkPELWR GRVHQVRFRPXPPDOGLVIDUoDQGRFHUWRSUD]HULQWHOHFWXDOSRUHVWDUPRV ID]HQGRLVVRSRUHOHV $¿QDODWXDPRVDOLQRSDSHOGHTXHPYROWDSDUDDFDYHUQDD¿PGH VDOYDUFRQVFLrQFLDV1RHQWDQWRUHVWDDSHUJXQWDHDQyVTXHPOLEHUWRX" &RPRLPDJLQDUTXHQRVVDVDtGDGDFDYHUQDQmRIRLDSHQDVDHQWUDGDHP RXWUD"(VVDpXPDGL¿FXOGDGHTXHDAlegoriaSODW{QLFDFDUUHJDHPVLH TXHHVWiOLJDGDDRVHJXQGRDVSHFWRTXHHXJRVWDULDGHLQGLFDU 'HIDWRDVDtGDGDFDYHUQDpDDVFHQVmRDRSODQRGRLQWHOLJtYHO $LQGDTXHQROLPLWHQXQFDDOFDQoDGRSOHQDPHQWH 3ODWmRFRQVLGHUDYDTXH SRXTXtVVLPRVVHULDPRVFDSD]HVGHDOFDQoDUDFRQWHPSODomRGDV)RUPDV  DIDVWDGRGDeikasiaHGDdóxaHSUy[LPRGDepistemeHGDnoesisHVVHFR QKHFLPHQWRSRVWXODVHUXPVDEHUVREUHRPXQGRHRKRPHPFDSD]GHGDU FRQWDGHDPERV1yVFRQKHFHPRVHVVDSUHWHQVmRGD)LORVR¿DHDLQGDTXH RSHQVDPHQWRGH3ODWmRQmRSRVVDQHPGHORQJHVHUFKDPDGRGHVLVWHPD KiQHOHRHVStULWRJHRPpWULFR±TXHpRHVStULWRVLVWHPiWLFR±GDVJUDQGHV FRQVWUXo}HVGRVJUDQGHVHGLItFLRV¿ORVy¿FRVHVSHUDQoRVRVGHGDUFRQWD GHWXGR2SUREOHPDpTXHHVVDSUHWHQVmRKRMHQmRVHVXVWHQWDPDLV 'HSRLVGH1LHW]VFKHSHORPHQRVGHSRLVGH.LHUNHJDDUGDHVSHUDQoDGH XPGLVFXUVR¿ORVy¿FRFDSD]GHDOFDQoDUXPDYHUGDGHLQFRQWRUQiYHOTXH IRVVHDRPHVPRWHPSRXPDYHUGDGHDFHUFDGRPXQGRHVREUHRKRPHP LVWRpTXHLQFOXDQDVSUHVFULo}HVGDpWLFDHGDSROtWLFDDGHVFREHUWDGH FRPRDVFRLVDVVmRKDUPRQL]DQGRKRPHPHFLGDGHKRPHPHPRUDOD SDUWLUGHXPDFRQH[mRQHFHVViULDHQWUHVDEHUHGHYHUVHUHVVDSUHWHQVmR DFDERXeRTXH/\RWDUGFKDPRXGH¿PGDVPHWDQDUUDWLYDVGRVGLVFXUVRV WRWDOL]DQWHVRXVHTXLVHUPRVGHpós-­moderno Revista   Páginas   de   Filosofia,   v.   7,   n.   1,   p.59-­‐70,   jan./jun.   2015

 REVISTA  PÁGINAS  DE  FILOSOFIA

63

0DVHXJRVWDULDGHYROWDUD3ODWmR (XGLVVHQRFRPHoRTXHLULDWRPDUHPSUHVWDGRGH3ODWmRGXDVLPD JHQV$SULPHLUDIRLHVVDGDAlegoria  da  Caverna$JRUDWRPRRXWUDTXH HQFRQWUDPRVHPXPGLiORJRHVFULWRPXLWRSURYDYHOPHQWHQRFRPHoRGD FDUUHLUDGH3ODWmRSRGHQGRPHVPRWHUVLGRRSULPHLURGLiORJRHVFULWRSRU HOHDOJXQVDQRVDQWHVGDApologiaTXHDRTXHWXGRLQGLFDpGHD& )DORGRPrimeiro  AlcibíadesTXHGXUDQWHWRGDDDQWLJXLGDGHIRLFRQVLGHUDGD XPDREUDDXWrQWLFDGH3ODWmRPDVTXHSDVVRXDVRIUHUFRPDVG~YLGDVGRV HGLWRUHVGDHUDPRGHUQDDSDUWLUGR5HQDVFLPHQWR+RMHQRHQWDQWRVXD DXWRULDpSRXFRFRQWHVWDGDHYRXFRQVLGHUiORXPDREUDVHQmRHVFULWD GLUHWDPHQWHSRU3ODWmRDRPHQRVSURGX]LGDQRkPELWRGD$FDGHPLD 3RLVEHPRTXHHQFRQWUDPRVQRPrimeiro  Alcibíades"&RPRHUDGH VHHVSHUDURSHUVRQDJHPTXHGiQRPHDRGLiORJRHVWiDOLMXQWRGH6y FUDWHVFRPTXHPFRQYHUVD$OFLEtDGHVIRLXPSHUVRQDJHPLPSRUWDQWHGD KLVWyULDGH$WHQDVDPDGRHRGLDGRQDPHVPDPHGLGDGRWDGRGHWDOHQWRV LQTXHVWLRQiYHLVPDVWDPEpPGHYtFLRVHYLGHQWHV)LOKRGDDOWDQREUH]D GHVXDFLGDGHSDUWLFLSRXGDSROtWLFDGXUDQWHD*XHUUDGR3HORSRQHVRH FRPDQGRXDPDOIDGDGDH[SHGLomRFRQWD6LUDFXVDQD6LFtOLDTXDQGRD 0DULQKDDWHQLHQVHIRLGHUURWDGDGHPDQHLUDTXDVHGH¿QLWLYD$FXVDGRSRU HVVHGHVDVWUHDVVRFLDGRMiDXPDSpVVLPDIDPD$OFLEtDGHVSDVVDSDUDR ODGRGRVHVSDUWDQRVWUDLQGRDSiWULDHWHUPLQDQGRVXDYLGD±QmRVHPDQWHV WHUYROWDGRSDUD$WHQDV±QRLQFrQGLRGDFDVDRQGHHVWDYDTXHHUDWDPEpP DFDVDGHVXDDPDQWHLPSHGLGRGHVDLUSHORPDULGRTXHHUDWDPEpPSRU DFDVRXPViWUDSDGR*UDQGH5HL 2XVHMD$OFLEtDGHVIRLXPD¿JXUDSROrPLFDHPXOWLIDFHWDGDFRPR QRVpDSUHVHQWDGRQRBanqueteSODW{QLFRSRUH[HPSORGHVGHVXDHQWUDGD QDFDVDGH$JDWmRDFRPSDQKDGRGHWRFDGRUHVGHÀDXWDGHMRYHQVHGH ÀRUHVDWpRHQFRQWURFRPXP6yFUDWHVFRQVWUDQJLGRDTXHPHOHGHFODUD VHXDPRU$OFLEtDGHVSRUWDQWRIRLXPKRPHPGDVSDL[}HVGDLQFRQVWkQ FLDGDGHVPHGLGD'LUtDPRVKRMHXPKHUyLURPkQWLFRmaior  que  a  vida 1RHQWDQWRR$OFLEtDGHVFRPTXHP6yFUDWHVGLDORJDQHVVDREUDGH MXYHQWXGHGH3ODWmRpXP$OFLEtDGHVMRYHPDQVLRVRSRULQJUHVVDUQDYLGD S~EOLFDQRVGHEDWHVSROtWLFRVDOPHMDQGRFRPHoDUVXDFDUUHLUDGHOtGHU GDFLGDGH2UDQHVVHSRQWR6yFUDWHVLQWHUYpPHID]DSHUJXQWDTXHQRV LQWHUHVVDdesejoso  de  comandar  a  cidade,  os  homens,  seria  Alcibíades   Revista   Páginas   de   Filosofia,   v.   7,   n.   1,   p.59-­‐70,   jan./jun.   2015

64

FILOSOFIA  COMO  EXPERIÊNCIA  E  COMO  EDUCAÇÃO  

capaz  de  governar  a  si  mesmo"(PRXWURVWHUPRVcomo  exercer  o  mando,   como  guiar  os  outros,  se  não  se  domina  a  si  mesmo,  se  não  conhece  a  si   mesmo"2conhece-­te  a  ti  mesmoTXH6yFUDWHVYDLEXVFDUQDLQVFULomRGR WHPSRGH$SRORHP'HOIRVIUDVHDWULEXtGDSRUYH]HVD6yORQRXWUDVYH]HV DRXWURGRV6HWH6iELRVHVVDIUDVHVXUJHQRGLiORJRFRPRDPDUFDGHXP impedimentoGHXPbloqueioRXbarreiraTXH6yFUDWHVFDUDFWHULVWLFDPHQWH FRORFDYDGLDQWHGHVHXVLQWHUORFXWRUHV³1mRWmRUiSLGR´SDUHFHHOHGL]HU TXDQGRSHUJXQWDD$OFLEtDGHVSHORSUHFHLWRGpO¿FR9HPRVLVVRDFRQWHFHU YiULDVYH]HVRH[DPHVRFUiWLFRpTXDVHVHPSUHXPLPSHGLPHQWRHXP EORTXHLRRTXHGL]PXLWRDQyVRFXSDGRVFRP)LORVR¿DSURIHVVRUHVGH )LORVR¿DRHVStULWRWXWHODUGHQRVVDDWLYLGDGHpDQWHVGHWXGRRHVStULWR GDEDUUHLUDHGDOHQWLGmRGDPDUFKDVXVSHQVDGRintervalo±HVSDoRHP TXHRSHQVDPHQWRSRGHDFRQWHFHU 0DVYROWHPRVDRPrimeiro  AlcibíadesHjLPDJHPGDTXDOOKHVID ODYD6yFUDWHVSHUJXQWDVH$OFLEtDGHVVHFRQKHFHDSRQWRGHVHUFDSD]GH FRPDQGDUDVLPHVPR2UD$OFLEtDGHV¿FDFRQIXVRFRPDSHUJXQWDTXH OKHID]SHQVDUHSHUFHEHUDGL¿FXOGDGHTXHH[LVWHHPVXDSUHWHQVmRGH FRPDQGDUDFLGDGH3DUDFRQKHFHUPRVDQyVPHVPRVGL]6yFUDWHVVHUi SUHFLVRVDEHURTXHVRPRVHRTXHSDUHFHHYLGHQWHFRQWLQXD6yFUDWHV GLDORJDQGRFRP$OFLEtDGHVpTXHVRPRVIRUPDGRVGHFRUSRHDOPDH TXHDDOPDYLDGHUHJUDFRPDQGDRFRUSR6HQGRDVVLPRTXHVRPRV IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHpDDOPDDpsyché $TXLQmRWHPRVDWHRULDGDDOPDFRPRYDPRVHQFRQWUDUQRFedroRX QDRepúblicaRXPHVPRQRTimeuDDOPDpXPWRGRHUHVXPHRKRPHP 3RGHPRVGL]HUTXHHVVDDOPDpDYLGDPHQWDODFRQVFLrQFLD(PRXWUDV SDODYUDVVHUYHQRVSHQVDUTXHHVVDDOPDpDVHGHGRHXRXVHTXLVHUPRV o  self3RLVEHPVHQGRRKRPHPDQWHVGHWXGRVXDDOPDFRPRFRQKHFr ODFRPRVDEHUTXHPVHp"eQHVVHSRQWRTXH3ODWmRXVDDLPDJHPTXH HXJRVWDULDGHFRORFDUDRODGRGDTXHODGDFDYHUQD Sócrates5DFLRFLQDFRPLJR6HQRVGLULJtVVHPRVDRVROKRVFRPRVH WUDWDVVHGHSHVVRDVHOKHVDSUHVHQWiVVHPRVRSUHFHLWRµ&RQKHFHWHDWL PHVPR¶GHTXHPRGRFRPSUHHQGHUtDPRVRFRQVHOKR"1mRVHULDQRVHQWLGR  

 &I*86'25)*Professores  para  quê?/LVERD0RUDHV(GLWRUDS  2EYLDPHQWHHVVDHDVD¿UPDo}HVVHJXLQWHVQHFHVVLWDULDPGHXPDH[SOLFDomRPDLVGH PRUDGDHFXLGDGRVD3DUDRVSURSyVLWRVGDFRQIHUrQFLDQRHQWDQWRHODVVmRVX¿FLHQWHV

Revista   Páginas   de   Filosofia,   v.   7,   n.   1,   p.59-­‐70,   jan./jun.   2015

 REVISTA  PÁGINAS  DE  FILOSOFIA

65

GHOHYDURVROKRVDGLULJLUVHSDUDDOJXPREMHWRHPTXHHOHVSXGHVVHPYHU DVLSUySULRV" AlcibíadeseFODUR Soc(TXDOpRREMHWRHPTXHQRVYHPRVTXDQGRRFRQWHPSODPRV" Alc2HVSHOKR6yFUDWHV Soc$FHUWDVWH3RUpPQRVROKRVFRPTXHYHPRVQmRVHHQFRQWUDDOJR GRPHVPRHVWLOR" Alc3HUIHLWDPHQWH Soc&RPRMiGHYHVWHUREVHUYDGRRURVWRGHTXHPROKDSDUDRVROKRVGH DOJXpPTXHVHOKHGHIURQWHUHÀHWHVHQRTXHGHQRPLQDPRVSXSLODFRPR QXPHVSHOKRDLPDJHPGDSHVVRDTXHROKD AlceFHUWR Soc$VVLPTXDQGRXPROKRROKDSDUDRXWURHVH¿[DQDSRUomRPDLV H[FHOHQWHGHVWHMXVWDPHQWHDTXHODTXHYrHOHYrVHDVLPHVPR" AlceHYLGHQWH

2ROKRTXHQRVID]YHUWXGRRTXHSRGHVHUYLVWRHTXHQRVSHUPLWH FRQKHFHURUHDO DTXLQmRKiSHORPHQRVQmRGHPDQHLUDH[SOtFLWDDGHV FRQ¿DQoDHPUHODomRDRPXQGRHPStULFR6yFUDWHVH$OFLEtDGHVFRPSDU WLOKDPGD³FUHQoDLQJrQXDQRPXQGRH[WHULRU´ RROKRTXHQRVSHUPLWH YHUpLQFDSD]GHHQ[HUJDUDVLPHVPR'HTXHPRGRHOHSRGHHQWmRVH FRQKHFHU"$OFLEtDGHVSURS}HGHLPHGLDWRXPHVSHOKRHSURS}HRyEYLRH RDFHUWDGRPDV6yFUDWHVYDLLQGLFDUDOJRTXHQmRpDSHQDVPDLVSRpWLFR PDVVREUHWXGRPXLWRH¿FD]SDUDRVVHXV¿QVVHRROKRTXHUFRQKHFHUD VLPHVPRGHYHHOHROKDUpara  a  melhor  parteSDUDD³PHQLQD´ koré GH RXWURolhoDOLHOHHQ[HUJDUiDVLPHVPRDRPHVPRWHPSRHPTXHYrR ROKRGRRXWURGLDQWHGHOHIDFHjIDFHFRPHOH2UDDVLWXDomRpLGrQWLFD jGDDOPDTXHpFDSD]GHFRQKHFHUWXGRRTXHVHSRGHFRQKHFHUH[FHWR DVLPHVPDVHPRUHFXUVRDRRXWUR HSRULVVRRHVSHOKRQmRVHUYHDRV ¿QVVRFUiWLFRVSRUTXHHOHQmRUHVSRQGHDRFRQWUiULRGRVHVSHOKRVGDV IiEXODVVHpSUHFLVRYHUSDUDVHFRQKHFHUWDPEpPpSUHFLVRRXYLURTXH pGLWRVREUHDVQRVVDVDOPDV  

  3/$7­2  Primeiro  AlcibíadesGD7UDG&DUORV$OEHUWR1XQHV3DUi

(GLWRUDGD8QLYHUVLGDGHGR3DUi

Revista   Páginas   de   Filosofia,   v.   7,   n.   1,   p.59-­‐70,   jan./jun.   2015

66

FILOSOFIA  COMO  EXPERIÊNCIA  E  COMO  EDUCAÇÃO  

$DOPDSDUDFRQKHFHUDVLPHVPDSUHFLVDSRUWDQWRFRORFDUVHHP UHODomRjRXWUDDOPDHPXPPHVPRSODQRIUHQWHDIUHQWH'LIHUHQWHGR SODQRLQFOLQDGRHDVFHQGHQWHGDAlegoriaHPTXHDOJRRXDOJXpPOLEHUWD RSULVLRQHLURGDVLOXV}HVDSDUWLUGHFLPDXPDFLPDTXHSHUPDQHFHUi VHPSUHFRPRDUHDOLGDGHSULYLOHJLDGDDTXLDH[SHULrQFLDVHGiHPXP PHVPRSODQRHQRFKmRFRPXPKDELWDGRSRUTXHPVHFRORFDQDEXVFD SHORFRQKHFLPHQWRGHVLSHORFXPSULPHQWRGRRUiFXOR(VVHFRQWUDVWHHQWUH DVGXDVLPDJHQVpEDVWDQWHHVTXHPiWLFRPDVWDOYH]VLUYDSDUDLQGLFDUD SUHVHQoDGHGXDVPDQHLUDVGHVHFRQFHEHUD)LORVR¿DDPEDVQDREUDSOD W{QLFD$LQGDTXHVHVDLEDTXHH[LVWHPWDQWDV)LORVR¿DVTXDQWRV¿OyVRIRV HTXHHVVDVGXDVFRQFHSo}HVQmRVmRQHPGHORQJHXPUHVXPRGDVIRUPDV TXHD)LORVR¿DDVVXPHHP3ODWmRHODVVmR~WHLVSDUDRQRVVRDUJXPHQWR 'HXPDSULPHLUDLPDJHPDGDFDYHUQDQDVFHDFRQFHSomRGH)LOR VR¿DFRPRVHQGRDQWHVGHWXGRXPDHSLVWHPRORJLDRXVHMDXPGLVFXUVR VREUHRFRQKHFLPHQWRHVXDYDOLGDGH$YHUGDGHTXHSHUPDQHFHIRUDGD FDYHUQDHTXHMXVWL¿FDDH[LVWrQFLDGHFDYHUQDVHSULVLRQHLURVH¿OyVRIRV HVVDYHUGDGHSHUPDQHFHFRPRtélosHDOYRGD)LORVR¿DHWRGRVRVGLVFXU VRVTXHVHSURQXQFLDUHPsobreRPXQGRHnoPXQGRSRGHPVHUDYDOLDGRV DSDUWLUGHVVHSULYLOHJLDGRSRQWRGHYLVWDRSRQWRGHYLVWDGLUtDPRVGR ROKRGH'HXV(PVXPDXPSRQWRGHYLVWDLQFRQGLFLRQDGRHSRULVVR YHUGDGHLUROLEHUWRGDVLOXV}HVGDFDYHUQD 9ROWDQGRDRTXHMiIRLGLWRHVVHPRGRGHSHQVDUD)LORVR¿DPHVPR GHSRLVGDVFULVHVSHODVTXDLVSDVVRXRSHQVDPHQWR¿ORVy¿FRHPWHPSRVGH GLVVROXomRGDVPHWDQDUUDWLYDVGDFUtWLFDSURIXQGDGDPHWDItVLFDGRUHODWL YLVPRJDORSDQWHDLQGDDVVLPHVVHPRGRGHVHSHQVDUD)LORVR¿DSHUVLVWH HPPXLWDVGDVQRVVDVDWLYLGDGHVHSUiWLFDVHPUHODomRDHOD,QIHOL]PHQWH LQVLVWLUKRMHTXHD)LORVR¿DLUiOLEHUWDURKRPHPGD³DOLHQDomR´UHYHODUD HOHRVJULOK}HVTXHRRSULPHPID]rORFRQKHFHUD³UHDOLGDGHYHUGDGHLUD´ WXGRLVVRVRDGHVORFDGRSDWpWLFRHPHVPRXPSRXFRULGtFXOR6LPSOHVPHQWH SRUTXHQmRKiFRPRJDUDQWLUPRVHPUHODomRDRXWURVGLVFXUVRVDSRVLomR SULYLOHJLDGDGRGLVFXUVR¿ORVy¿FRYD]DGRQDIRUPDGDLPDJHPGDFDYHUQD $LGHLDGD)LORVR¿DFRPRepistemeFRPRGLVFXUVRTXHVHSURQXQFLDGH PRGRLQFRQGLFLRQDGRVREUHRPXQGRHVVDLGHLDQmRVHSRGHPDLVVXVWHQWDU ,VVRpPDLVGRTXHFODURFUHLRHXSDUDWRGRVQyV6HQGRDVVLPpQD RXWUDLPDJHPSODW{QLFDTXHQRVUHVWDEXVFDUXPVHQWLGRSDUDD)LORVR¿D Revista   Páginas   de   Filosofia,   v.   7,   n.   1,   p.59-­‐70,   jan./jun.   2015

 REVISTA  PÁGINAS  DE  FILOSOFIA

67

TXDQGRDFRPSUHHQGHPRVQmRFRPRepistemePDVFRPRaskesis2XVHMD VHWRPDUPRVFRPRIXQGDPHQWRSDUDD)LORVR¿DDLPDJHPGRROKRTXHVH FRQKHFHDVLPHVPRHPRXWURROKRGDDOPDTXHVHFRQKHFHDVLPHVPD HPRXWUDDOPDQHVVHDSHORGHUHÀH[mR TXHVHGiQDSUySULDIRUPDGD IUDVHUHÀH[LYD HQFRQWUDUHPRVDH[LJrQFLDSRUXPexercícioTXHpXPD GDVWUDGXo}HVGRWHUPRaskesis8Pexercício  ascético FRPRSHUGmRGR SOHRQDVPR TXHQmRVHFRQIXQGHFRPRLVRODPHQWRRXFRPRDIDVWDPHQ WRGRPXQGRVHKiXPDSDUDGDXPDUHWHQomRHXPUHWUDLPHQWRVREUHVL PHVPRHOHVySRGHDFRQWHFHUGLDQWHGRRXWURGRVRXWURVTXHSHUPLWDj PLQKDLPDJHPUHÀHWLGDPHDOFDQoDU +iHVSHUDQoDTXHRPrimeiro  AlcibíadesHDApologiaSRUVHUHPRV WH[WRVTXH3ODWmRPXLWRSURYDYHOPHQWHSULPHLURHVFUHYHXUHWHQKDPDOJR GRHVVHQFLDOGD¿JXUDGR6yFUDWHVKLVWyULFRDTXHOH6yFUDWHVTXHDFDERX SRULQÀXHQFLDURGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHFRQFHSo}HV¿ORVy¿FDVSDUDOHODVjV GH3ODWmRH$ULVWyWHOHVPDVGDVTXDLVSRXFRVDEHPRV2TXHPHLQWHUHV VDDTXLQRHQWDQWRpSHUPDQHFHUXPSRXFRQDLPDJHPGDDOPDTXHVH FRQKHFHDSDUWLUGHRXWUDDOPDHGDQHFHVVLGDGHGHUHFRQKHFHUGLDQWHGH VLRXWURem  um  mesmo  planoSDUDTXHD)LORVR¿DDVVLPFRQFHELGDSRVVD FRPHoDU(VVDexperiênciapRTXHPHLQWHUHVVDHJRVWDULDGHSHQVDUWHU VLGRHVVDDSULQFLSDOFRQWULEXLomRGR6yFUDWHVKLVWyULFRSDUDDOpPGRTXH QRVGiDREUDSODW{QLFDHHPPHQRUPHGLGDDVREUDVGHRXWURVTXHDHOH VHUHIHULUDPHTXHFKHJDUDPDWpQyV(VHXVRRWHUPRH[SHULrQFLDDTXL QmRpVHPPRWLYR2VHQWLGRTXHGRXjSDODYUDQHVVHSULPHLURPRPHQWR pRPDLVDPSORHWDPEpPRPDLVVLPSOHVHPSUHVWDGRGD)LORVR¿DGH-RKQ 'HZH\HGRSUDJPDWLVPRexperiência  é  tudo  o  que  acontece2XQLYHUVR GHVVDPDQHLUDQmRpPDLVTXHXPFRQMXQWRLQFHVVDQWHGHH[SHULrQFLDVXP ÀX[RVHPWHUPRGHHYHQWRV+iQRHQWDQWRXPVXEFRQMXQWRGHH[SHULrQ FLDVDTXHODVGDVTXDLVSDUWLFLSDPRV'DPHVPDIRUPDTXHRXQLYHUVRp XPFRQMXQWRGHH[SHULrQFLDVQHVVDGH¿QLomRHPQyVRFRUUHWDPEpPXP Q~PHURHQRUPHGHDo}HVHUHDo}HVGDVTXDLVQmRHVWDPRVFRQVFLHQWHVRX DYLVDGRVKiDH[SHULrQFLDGDUHVSLUDomRHGDFLUFXODomRVDQJXtQHDSRU $LGHLDGHFRQFHEHUGHVVHPRGRD)LORVR¿DGHULYDHPJUDQGHSDUWHGDREUDGH3LHUUH +DGRW &ISH[2TXHpD)LORVR¿D$QWLJD63/R\ROD 6REUHVHXSRVVtYHO SDSHOHPXPD)LORVR¿DGD(GXFDomRFI-DQ0DVVFKHOHLQH0DDUWHQ6LPRQVA  peda-­ gogia,  a  democracia,  a  escola%HOR+RUL]RQWH$XWrQWLFD   &I'(:(RQOLQH@QS

Revista   Páginas   de   Filosofia,   v.   7,   n.   1,   p.59-­‐70,   jan./jun.   2015

 REVISTA  PÁGINAS  DE  FILOSOFIA

69

SHUFRUUHQGRWRGRVRVFDPLQKRVMDPDLVHQFRQWUDUiVRVOLPLWHVGDDOPDWmR SURIXQGRpVHXlogos´" %  eLPSRUWDQWHGHVWDFDUSRUpPTXHRFXLGDGRGDDOPDVRFUiWLFRH RFRQKHFHWHDWLPHVPRGpO¿FRQmRWrPQDGDGHSVLFROyJLFRQRVHQWLGR PRGHUQR2TXHVHHVFUHYHXQDHQWUDGDGRWHPSORGH$SRORSDUDTXHWRGRV RVYLVLWDQWHVYLVVHPIRLDOJRFRPR³±4XHPYRFrSHQVDTXHpPRUWDO"´ XPFKDPDGRjPRGHUDomRHDSHUFHSomRGHVLPHVPRHVVH³VLPHVPR´ TXH6yFUDWHVLQVWDXUDHPXPDDOPDTXHpRSUySULRKRPHPRXPHOKRU DSDUWHPDLVQREUHGRKRPHPSRUTXHFDSD]GHFRQKHFHUHVHDXWRFRQKH FHUH[SHULPHQWDQGRDVLPHVPDWHVWDQGRVHDWHQWDQGRDVLPHVPDHP VXPDWRUQDQGRVHFRQVFLHQWHGHVL2³JQRWKLVHDXWRQ´VRFUiWLFRpXP DSHORGHVVDIRUPDjPRGHUDomRTXHIXQFLRQDFRPRLPSHGLPHQWRXP EORTXHLRTXHID]SDUDUDPDUFKD HPYH]GHIRUoiODDDFRQWHFHUVXELQGR D³HVFDUSDGDHQFRVWD´GDFDYHUQD  2TXHQRVUHVWDSRUWDQWR"2TXHSRGHQRVGL]HUWXGRLVVRQHVVH PRPHQWRTXHPDUFDRLQtFLRGHXPQRYRDQROHWLYRGR&XUVRGH)LORVR ¿D"7DOYH]RVHJXLQWHSHQVDQGRTXHDTXLIDORDSURIHVVRUHVRXIXWXURV SURIHVVRUHVGH)LORVR¿D 3ULPHLURTXHpSUHFLVRGHL[DUVHDOFDQoDUSHODH[SHULrQFLDUHÀHWLGD QRVHQWLGRTXHGHPRVDHODHTXHHVVDH[SHULrQFLDDQWHVGHWXGRGHYH VHUXPDH[SHULrQFLDGHVLRXWURPRGRGHGL]HUFXLGDGRGDDOPD3DUHFH GHVQHFHVViULRSRVWXODULVVRGLDQWHGHXPDSODWHLDGH¿OyVRIRVPDVVDEHPRV WRGRVFUHLRHXRTXDQWRRVDVVLPFKDPDGRV¿OyVRIRVVmRFLRVRVGHVXDV SRVLo}HVHGHVXDVWHVHVFDSD]HVVHPG~YLGDGHREULJDU6yFUDWHVDEHEHU FLFXWDQRYDPHQWHVHIRVVHSUHFLVR (PRXWURVWHUPRVSHQVRTXHPDLVQRVYDOHKRMHDLPDJHPTXH HQFRQWUDPRVQRPrimeiro  AlcibíadesTXHDGR/LYUR9,,GDRepúblicaVH SHQVDUPRVQDVH[LJrQFLDVIHLWDVDRVSURIHVVRUHVGH)LORVR¿DTXHVRPRV$V DXODVTXHWHPRVHPXPDIDFXOGDGHGH)LORVR¿DSRXFRRXQDGDVHUHIHUHP jTXHODVTXHGHYHUHPRVGDUQD(GXFDomR%iVLFDQR(QVLQR0pGLRDTXL QDXQLYHUVLGDGHVRPRVWRGRVFRQYHUWLGRVjHVSHUDGR¿OyVRIRTXHYLUiQRV VDOYDUGRVJULOK}HVHGRVLPXODFURGRPXQGRRXHQWmRSLRUDLQGDVRPRV MiH[SULVLRQHLURVUXPRjVDtGDRXPHVPRTXDVHOiSDUDRTXHSUHFLVD UHPRVVRPHQWHGHDOJXPDDMXGDPDLVEXURFUiWLFDHIRUPDOTXHHIHWLYD 1mRQRVEDQFRVGDHVFRODSDUDRQGHLUHPRVRVMRYHQVTXHQRVHVSHUDP QmRVHUmRFRPRQyVVRPRVYLDGHUHJUDSRXFRRXQDGDVHLQWHUHVVDUmR SHOD)LORVR¿DRTXHQmRpGHWRGRUXLPPDVXPFDPSRDEHUWRIUDQTXHDGR Revista   Páginas   de   Filosofia,   v.   7,   n.   1,   p.59-­‐70,   jan./jun.   2015

70

FILOSOFIA  COMO  EXPERIÊNCIA  E  COMO  EDUCAÇÃO  

SDUDDH[SHULrQFLD¿ORVy¿FDVHDTXLVHUPRVID]HU'LDQWHGHVVHVDOXQRVR PRGHORGH)LORVR¿DUHSUHVHQWDGRSHODAlegoria  da  CavernaWDOYH]GHYHVVH PHVPRVHUGHL[DGRGHODGR,VVRTXHUGL]HUDSDUWLUGHOHQyVSURIHVVRUHV QmRWHPRVFRPRHYLWDUDLQFRUSRUDomRGRSDSHOGROLEHUWDGRUVHMDDSHQDV SHORIDWRGHOHYDUPRVDWpDVDODDLPDJHPHFRORFiODDIXQFLRQDU3RUpP QmRWHPRVQHQKXPDSUHUURJDWLYDQHQKXPGLUHLWRRXJDUDQWLDTXHQRVSRVVD SHUPLWLUGL]HUTXHRSDSHOGR¿OyVRIRQRVFDEH3RGHSDUHFHUH[DJHURH WDOYH]RVHMDSRUTXHPHXLQWHUHVVHPDLRUQmRpGL]HURTXHFDGDXPGH YRFrVGHYHID]HUGLDQWHGHVHXVDOXQRVHPVXDVVDODV$LVVRVHUmRGDGDV UHVSRVWDVDVPDLVYDULDGDVWRGDVSRGHQGRVHULJXDOPHQWHYiOLGDV2TXH PHLPSRUWDDTXLDQWHVGHWXGRQmRpRTXHRSURIHVVRUIDUiFRPD)LOR VR¿DPDVRTXHD)LORVR¿DIH]HIDUiFRPHOH2XVHMDDVVXPLURSDSHO GHVDOYDGRUHHQFDUQDUVHMDFRPRIRUHVVDVSUHWHQV}HVVRWHULROyJLFDVp FRORFDUVHQRDOWRHQHJDUDLPDJHPTXHHQFRQWUDPRVQRPrimeiro  Alci-­ bíadesTXHGiFRPRWDUHIDGD)LORVR¿DXPWUDEDOKRTXHFRPHoDHPXP PHVPRQtYHOGHLQWHUORFXomR&RPLVVRQmRVHQHJDDEVROXWDPHQWHTXH RSURIHVVRUGHYDSRVVXLUPDLVFRQKHFLPHQWRHVDEHUHVTXHVHXVDOXQRV LVVRQmRpVyDGPLWLGRFRPRpXPDFRQGLomRSDUDRWUDEDOKRGRFHQWH±p D¿QDORSHUFXUVRSRUGHQWURGDWUDGLomRDH[SHULrQFLDnaHpelaWUDGLomR TXHSHUPLWHDRSURIHVVRUDVVLPVHFRORFDUQmRSRUJHQHURVLGDGHQmRSRU ERQGDGHPDVQRkPELWRGDPDLVHVWULWDGLVFLSOLQD¿ORVy¿FD eSUHFLVRTXHRSURIHVVRUGH)LORVR¿DH[SHULPHQWHFRQVLJRPHVPR SUHVWHDWHQomRHWRPHDVLPHVPRFRPRREMHWRGDH[SHULrQFLDUHÀHWLGD (VVDH[SHULPHQWDomRSDVVDREULJDWRULDPHQWHSHODH[SHULPHQWDomRQD WUDGLomR¿ORVy¿FDPDVGDPHVPDIRUPDSHODH[SHULPHQWDomRdianteGRV DOXQRVdianteGDVDODTXHSDVVDDVHUQmRPDLVROXJDUHPTXHVH³DSOLFD´ RXVH³GHPRQVWUD´RTXHVHVDEHSRUPHLRGHXPGLVFXUVRFRPSHWHQWHRX HVFODUHFLGR³LOXPLQLVWD´HHPDQFLSDGRURXRQGHVHHQFHQDD³FRQVWUXomR´ GHXPVDEHUMiFRQVWUXtGRFRPRTXDORVDOXQRVSUHFLVDPDSHQDVFRQ FRUGDUSDUDHVWDUHPFHUWRV±HRSURIHVVRUFRQIRUWiYHOHVDWLVIHLWR±PDV VLPFRPRXPOXJDUSULYLOHJLDGRQRTXDOD)LORVR¿DaconteceQHVVHKLDWR MiPDUFDGRHQWUHXPDQWHVHXPGHSRLVHVSDoRLGHDOGRDGPLUDUVHGR HVSDQWDUVHGRH[SHULPHQWDUXPHVSDoRGHDWHQomRTXHVHGiDVLHDR RXWUR1HVVHVHQWLGRSDUDRSURIHVVRUDRPHQRVD)LORVR¿DSRGHYLUDVHU HGXFDWLYDHPLQHQWHPHQWHHGXFDWLYDHUHSUHVHQWDUPHVPRRPDLVDOWRJUDX GHHGXFDomRTXHpDGHOLEHUDGDHFRQVFLHQWHPHQWHEXVFDGDDXWRHGXFDomR

Revista   Páginas   de   Filosofia,   v.   7,   n.   1,   p.59-­‐70,   jan./jun.   2015

Lihat lebih banyak...

Comentários

Copyright © 2017 DADOSPDF Inc.